Psychological, Physiological, and Physical Effects of Resistance Training and Personalized Diet in Celiac Women.

Background: Gluten intolerance is a systemic process of autoimmune nature; it develops in genetically predisposed subjects with gluten ingestion. The only treatment for celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). This study was designed to evaluate adherence to a GFD, risk of an eating disorder, and nutritional status in adult CD patients undergoing different interventions. Methods: A total of 28 Spanish women, aged 40 years or more, took part in a randomized controlled trial. Each group received a different intervention: group 1, gluten-free nutrition plan + exercise (GFD + E); group 2, gluten-free nutrition plan (GFD); group 3, celiac controls (NO-GFD); and group 4, non-celiac controls (CONTROL). The training was prescribed by a sport scientist. It was based on resistance training with elastic bands; beforehand a warm-up was performed and the resistance was increased progressively. The variables studied were adherence to the GFD, risk of eating disorders, blood values, and body composition. Results: Celiac women with personalized nutritional planning presented greater adherence to a gluten-free diet (p < 0.001). Regarding leukocytes, significant differences were observed between the GFD and control groups (p = 0.004). Perimeters and folds did not decrease significantly. Conclusion: Women with celiac disease who follow an adapted and personalized diet have a better adherence to a GFD compared to those who follow a non-professional diet, and therefore have a better immune system status (blood leukocytes).

Personalised Nutritional Plan and Resistance Exercise Program to Improve Health Parameters in Celiac Women.

Celiac disease (CD) is a permanent immune reaction to gluten in those with a genetic predisposition. This study was designed to evaluate menopause-associated symptoms, mood, bone quality, and IgA antibody levels in women with CD, untreated and treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD), and with or without resistance exercise. The randomised controlled trial was conducted on 28 Spanish women (>40 years old). Participants were divided into the following intervention groups: personalised gluten-free nutrition plan + exercise (GFD + E); personalised gluten-free nutrition plan (GFD); celiac controls (NO-GFD); and non-celiac controls (CONTROL). The participants responded to the Menopause Rating Scale and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaires. Bone quality was measured with ultrasound and IgA with a blood test. After 12 weeks of intervention, the GFD + E group showed significant improvement in urogenital symptoms and scored higher on the 'vigour' subscale of the POMS. Negative associations were found between the total score on the Menopause Rating Scale and the 'vigour' subscale of the POMS questionnaire. Only those women who underwent a personalised GFD nutritional intervention combined with resistance exercise demonstrated significant changes after the intervention.

Valoración de la influencia de un programa piloto de educación dietético-nutricional mediterránea y actividad física en madres lactantes / Influence assessment of Mediterranean diet-nutrition education and physical activity in breastfeeding mothers pilot program

FUNDAMENTOS: La retención de peso posparto está asociada con hábitos alimentarios inadecuados y una mayor insatisfacción de la imagen corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer la influencia de un programa de educación dietético-nutricional mediterránea y práctica deportiva saludable en madres lactantes sobre los hábitos alimentarios, práctica de actividad física, composición corporal e insatisfacción corporal. MÉTODOS:10 madres lactantes (edad:37,4±3,3; talla:162,3±0,1; número embarazos: 2±1) participaron en el estudio, llevado a cabo durante 15 semanas. Las variables estudiadas fueron: adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, práctica de actividad física, la percepción de la imagen y la composición corporales. RESULTADOS: Aunque los resultados reportaron un incremento después de la intervención, ni la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea ni la frecuencia de actividad física variaron significativamente. CONCLUSIONES: No obstante, sí que se produjeron cambios significativos en la composición corporal y en la percepción de la imagen corporal

BACKGROUND: Post-partum weight retention is associated with inadequate eating habits and increased body image dissatisfaction. The aim was to study the influence of a mediterranean dietetic education program and healthy physical activity habits in breastfeeding mothers on food habits, physical activity practice, body composition and body dissatisfaction. METHODS: 10 nursing mothers (age:37,4±3,3; height:162,3±0,1; number of pregnancies:2±1) participated in the study, which was carried out during 15 weeks. The variables studied were: adherence to the Mediterranean diet, practice of physical activity, perception of body image and composition. RESULTS: Although the results reported an increase after the intervention, neither adherence to the mediterranean diet nor frequency of physical activity varied significantly. CONCLUSIONS: However, there were significant changes in body composition and body image perception

Tools Used to Measure the Physical State of Women with Celiac Disease: A Review with a Systematic Approach.

Celiac disease (CD) is an immunological disorder that mainly affects the small intestine, generating an inflammatory process in response to the presence of gluten (a protein). Autoimmune diseases are part of a group of diseases that are difficult to diagnose without a specific protocol or consensus to detect them due to the number of symptoms and diseases with which it has a relationship. Therefore, the aim of this review was to analyze the diagnostic tools of CD used in middle-aged women, to compare the use and effectiveness of the different tools, and to propose a strategy for the use of the tools based on the results found in the literature. The present research followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The search was conducted in the following databases: Scielo, PubMed, Web of Science, and Worldwide Science org. In the initial literature search, 2004 titles and relevant abstracts were found. Among them, 687 were duplicates, leaving 1130 articles. Based on the inclusion criteria, only 41 articles passed the selection process; 4 main types of analyses appear in the studies: blood tests, questionnaires, clinical history, and biopsy. It can be said that none of the analyses have a 100% reliability since most of them can present false negatives; therefore, the best way to diagnose celiac disease up to now is through a combination of different tests (Immunoglobulin A and small intestinal biopsy).